[Factsheet] Bühlmann's sets of parameters (ZH-L) are used in almost all dive computers.  In the literature available, there is a great deal of confusion, with the concept of a model being confused with that of parameter sets. Furthermo...

[Factsheet] The DCIEM desaturation model is the result of a programme launched in 1962 by D.J. Kidd and R.A. Stubbs, which led to the KS-1971 model (Kidd and Stubbs 1971) and was subsequently improved by Nishi and Lauckner to produce the DCIEM 1983.D...

[Factsheet] Narcosis is 'progressive from 35 to 60 m depth when diving with air, with no threshold effect, and systematic beyond 60 m' More information on fact-sheet section.

[Factsheet] The density of the gases breathed in during diving is one of the limiting factors, because of the breathing difficulties (WoB: Work of Breathing) and the accumulation of CO2 that it can cause. More information on fact-sheets section.

[Factsheet] The 1908 publication established the first decompression model and the first diving tables, creating the concept of decompression stops based on the maximum depth reached and the dive time (which at the time was opposed to a slow and...

[Factsheet] Deep stops include : Stops at half the maximum depth (also known as "Pyle stops");Stops deeper than those proposed by the desaturation model, due to the setting of gradient factors (GF), in particular with a GFlow lower than GFhigh. More ...

[Factsheet] Following the Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop in 1990, everyone agreed on an ascent rate of 10 m/min. According to Bennet and Elliott, 'Today, an ascent rate of 10 m/min (33 feet per minute) is adopted by a large number of dive comp...

[Factsheet] Apart diver training and experience, the maximum depth for diving depends on: A physiological limit linked to the gas breathed (narcosis, hyperoxia, density, DCS); Historical-social-touristic-cultural considerations which may lead certain...

[Factsheet] In addition to pure technique, you must ensure that your finning has as little impact on the environment as possible. FOUR FUNDAMENTAL RULES The diver must be well balanced (weight, lung volume control, life jacket).Diving horizontal...

[Factsheet] The dive computers display a reference to certification in compliance with different regulations.This does not concern the software, only the pressure, time measurement and interferences.The software is not certified; it is created u...

[Factsheet] Reduction Factor (RF) or Gradient Factors (GF) are coefficients (e.g. 90%, 80%...) that can only be used with Haldanian sets of parameters (e.g. U.S. Navy, Bühlmann...) and that allow the M-Values to be reduced in order to increase t...

A new section on CMAS TC website: "Fact Sheets". Many of you are looking for information about diving, how to teach it and the CMAS recommendations. This new section of our website has been created to provide you with an overview of these issues and ...

Recreational Diving Medical Screening System by UNDERSEA & HYPERBARIC MEDICAL SOCIETY with the support of CMAS In 2020, the international Diver Medical Screening Committee (DMSC) released a new diver medical screening system and guidance to the p...

Sharm-El-Sheik (Egypt), May 2025, Mr. Alain Foret was newly elected president of the Technical Committee. With a strong background in diving education and training, he is entrusted with the mission of further developing technical diving worldwid...