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Desat: Bühlmann ZH-L, Haldanean set of parameters (EN/FR/ES)

[Factsheet] Bühlmann's sets of parameters (ZH-L) are used in almost all dive computers.  In the literature available, there is a great deal of confusion, with the concept of a model being confused with that of parameter sets. Furthermo...

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Desat: DCIEM model

[Factsheet] The DCIEM desaturation model is the result of a programme launched in 1962 by D.J. Kidd and R.A. Stubbs, which led to the KS-1971 model (Kidd and Stubbs 1971) and was subsequently improved by Nishi and Lauckner to produce the DCIEM 1983.D...

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October ITA webinar

Whereabouts Matter | ITA Webinar 📅 Wednesday 15 October | 14:00–15:00 CEST CMAS is pleased to promote the next session of the Monthly Webinar Series organised by the International Testing Agency (ITA): "Whereabouts Matter: An Athlete's Role in Protec...

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CMAS General Assembly 2026

Dear Presidents, dear friends, We are delighted to inform you that the forthcoming GA 2026 will take place in Bordeaux on the 15th to 19th of April. We invite you to view the attached brochure which includes all the information you will need. It is p...

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Collaboration Agreement Signed for the International Conference SeaWilding 2025: The Future of Our Ocean

Barcelona, September 24, 2025. – The International Conference SeaWilding 2025, officially recognized as an Activity of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, has signed a Collaboration Agreement with the World Confede...

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ITA Monthly Webinar September 2025

🌐 CMAS invites you to join the next ITA Monthly webinar! Topic: Ask the Expert: Supplements Part II 🗓 Date: Thursday, 25 September 2025 🕑 Time: 14:00 – 15:00 CEST 🎙 Panellist: Jeni Pearce, MNZM, NZRD – Performance Nutritionist 🎤 Moderator: Lisa Getz ...

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2nd. International Scientific Diving Course - Puerto Morelos Quintana Roo, Mexico 2025

The Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology (ICMyL) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, in coordination with the Mexican Federation of Underwater Activities (FMAS) and the World Confederation of Underwater Activities (CMAS), celebrate...

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Nitrogen Narcosis (EN/FR/ES)

[Factsheet] Narcosis is 'progressive from 35 to 60 m depth when diving with air, with no threshold effect, and systematic beyond 60 m' More information on fact-sheet section.

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Gas Density and depth (EN/FR/ES)

[Factsheet] The density of the gases breathed in during diving is one of the limiting factors, because of the breathing difficulties (WoB: Work of Breathing) and the accumulation of CO2 that it can cause. More information on fact-sheets section.

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Haldane 1908, still in use in all dive computers (EN/FR/ES)

[Factsheet] The 1908 publication established the first decompression model and the first diving tables, creating the concept of decompression stops based on the maximum depth reached and the dive time (which at the time was opposed to a slow and...

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Deep Stops (EN/FR/ES)

[Factsheet] Deep stops include : Stops at half the maximum depth (also known as "Pyle stops");Stops deeper than those proposed by the desaturation model, due to the setting of gradient factors (GF), in particular with a GFlow lower than GFhigh. More ...

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Correct Ascent Rate (EN/FR/ES)

[Factsheet] Following the Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop in 1990, everyone agreed on an ascent rate of 10 m/min. According to Bennet and Elliott, 'Today, an ascent rate of 10 m/min (33 feet per minute) is adopted by a large number of dive comp...

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CMAS International Scientific Diving Course 2025

We are pleased to announce the CMAS International Scientific Diving Course, which will take place in the beautiful city of Faro, Algarve, Portugal, from 19 to 26 September 2025. Organized by the Scientific Center of the University of Algarve in colla...

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Scuba diving: max depth (EN/FR/ES)

[Factsheet] Apart diver training and experience, the maximum depth for diving depends on: A physiological limit linked to the gas breathed (narcosis, hyperoxia, density, DCS); Historical-social-touristic-cultural considerations which may lead certain...

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Respectfully using scuba fins (EN/FR/ES)

[Factsheet] In addition to pure technique, you must ensure that your finning has as little impact on the environment as possible. FOUR FUNDAMENTAL RULES The diver must be well balanced (weight, lung volume control, life jacket).Diving horizontal...

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Dive computers, the software is not certified (EN/FR/ES)

[Factsheet] The dive computers display a reference to certification in compliance with different regulations.This does not concern the software, only the pressure, time measurement and interferences.The software is not certified; it is created u...

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CMAS invites you to join the next ITA Monthly webinar!

Topic: Ask the Expert: Therapeutic Use Exemptions 🗓 Date: Thursday, 28 August 2025 🕑 Time: 14:00 – 15:00 CEST 🎙 Panellist: Pedro Goncalves, PhD – ITA Science & Medical Manager 🎤 Moderator: Nikki Hamblin, OLY – ITA Education Team This interactive ...

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Gradient Factors (GF) and dive computers

[Factsheet] Reduction Factor (RF) or Gradient Factors (GF) are coefficients (e.g. 90%, 80%...) that can only be used with Haldanian sets of parameters (e.g. U.S. Navy, Bühlmann...) and that allow the M-Values to be reduced in order to increase t...

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Get Ready for the World Games in Chengdu

Spotlight on Finswimming! The countdown is almost over! In just a few days, the world's best finswimmers will take the stage in Chengdu, China, for the 12th edition of the World Games, set to take place from 8 to 17 August 2025. For our sport, the sp...

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Activity Report – UABC Scientific Diving Course 2025

This brief report presents a summary of the activities carried out during the 5th UABC Scientific Diving Course, held from June 9 to 25, 2025, at the UABC Ensenada campus facilities and dive sites within the Bay of Todos Santos, Baja California, Mexi...

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